This research/investigation/study focuses on a comparative analysis of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors (HFMBRs) for various applications/processes/systems. The performance/efficiency/effectiveness of HFMBRs with different/varying/diverse membrane materials, configurations, and operating parameters

Hollow fiber membranes have emerged as a popular technology in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems due to their unique structural properties. These fibers, characterized by a permeable hollow core and a solid outer layer, provide a significant surface area for biofilmformation and optimized separation